The test for SARS-CoV-2 is act
The test for SARS-CoV-2 is actually a “RT-PCR test.”That stands for reverse transcriptase polymease chain reaction, inwhich the viral genome is goes through a reverse transcriptasereaction before going into the PCR reaction. Why must that be donebefore PCR?
Answer:
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplifysmall segments of DNA.Using PCR it is possible to generatethousands to millions of copies of a particular section of DNA froma very small amount of DNA.Taq polymerase does not work on RNA samples, so PCR cannot be useddirectly to amplify RNA molecules.This is the enzyme that is incharge of replicating DNA.Taq polymerase was identified as an enzyme able to withstand theprotein-denaturing conditions (high temperature) required duringPCR. Therefore, it replaced the DNA polymerase from E. colioriginally used in PCR.Corona virus possess a single-stranded RNA genome so that it is aretrovirus and cannot be amplified by PCR directly.Reverse transcription, mostly used by retroviruses, involves theformation of a complementary DNA strand (cDNA) using an RNAtemplate. The enzyme used in the reverse transcription is reversetranscriptase.Since PCR cannot amply RNA genome,it is a must to go for reversetranscription reaction before it is introduced on to thePCR
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