Prepare a table classifying th
January 18th, 2023
Prepare a table classifying the following organelles: endoplasmicreticulum, ribersomes, Golgi apparatuses, mitochondria, lysosome,proteasomes, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton, cell fibers, centrosome,centrioles, and cell extensions. Include the following columns:organelle name, function, and structure. Include a columnindicating whether the structure is membranous surrounded by abilayer of phospholipids.
Answer:
| ORGANELLE NAME | FUNCTION | STRUCTURE | BILAYER PHOSPHOLIPID | DIAGRAM |
| 1. Endoplasmic reticulum : type of organelle found ineukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network offlattened,tube like structures known as cisternae.These are of twotypes : rough (granular) and smooth (non granular) | Serves many functions including folding of protein molecules insacs called cisternae and transport of synthesized proteins invesicles to golgi apparatus | The general structure of endoplasmic reticulum is a network ofmembranes called cisternae.These sac like structures are heldtogether by cytoskeleton.The phospholipid membrane encloses thecisternal space which is continous with perinuclear space butseparate from cytosol. | has a double layer of phospholipids |  |
| 2. Ribosomes: complex molecular machine found within all livingcells that serve as a site of biological protein synthesis | Ribosomes are minute particles consisting of RNA and proteinsthat function to synthesize proteins.Ribosomes can be foundfloating within the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmicreticulum.Act as catalyst in two important biological processescalled peptidyl transfer and peptidyl hydrolysis. | They have a flattened spherical shape with a diameter rangingbetween 15 to 25nm.They are made of two major subunits.The smallersubunit reads the mRNA code,where as the larger subunit assemblesthe polypeptide chain from amino acid.Each subunit also containsrRNA. | No membrane |  |
| Golgi Apparatus : Also known as golgi complex,golgi body foundin eukaryotic cell | Major function is modifying sorting and packaging of proteinsfor secretion.Also involved in transport of lipids around the celland creation of lysosomes.Proteins are synthesized in endoplasmicreticulum and travel to golgi body where they are processed andsent throughout the cell. | Membrane bound organelles which are sac like found in cytoplasmof the cell.They are composed of stacks of structures known ascisternae. Each cisternae is a disc enclosed in a membrane. | contains bilayered phospholipids |  |
| Mitochondria | function is to produce energy through respiration.they canstore calcium for the cell’s homeostasis of calcium | they are commonly between 0.75 in diameter.There are fivedistinct parts namely , the outer membrane,inner membrane,thecisternae space,the mmatrix,the space between inner and outermembrane | contains two layers |  |
| Lysosome | One of the key organelles involved in digestion and wasteremoval is Lysosome.They contain digestive enzymes to digest excessor worn out organelles food particles and engulf viruses orbacteria | spherical bodies or vacuoles enclosed by a single membrane | contains single membrane |  |
| Proteasomes | proteinions are proteases complexes which degrade unneeded ordamaged protein by proteolysis.Enzymes that help such react | Cylindrical complex containing a core of four stacked ringsforming a central pore.Each ring is composed of seven individualproteins | No |  |
| Peroxisome | have two diffrent functions : break down fatty acids to be usedfor forming membranes and as a fuel for respiration and transferhydrogen from compounds to oxygen to create hydrogen peroxide intowater | Since they are not created from endomembrane system they arebound by a single membrane.The end result is a single membranebound organelle with lipids and proteins | contains single layer |  |
| Cytoskeleton | Network of microfilaments ,intermediate filaments andmicrotubules.It gives shape to cells lacking a cell wall , allowingfor cell and organelle movement during endocytosis and celldivision | It is a complex dynamic network of interlinking proteinfilaments that extend from cell nucleus to cell membrane | No |  |
| cell fibers | Gives strength and support to tissue in plant cells. | Thick walled cells often occur in bundles that give strengthand support to tissue.They are one type of sclerenchyma cell. | No |  |
| Centrosome | Main function is to organize microtubules and provide structurefor the cell as well as work to pull chromatids apart during celldivision | Structures found in the cell made from two centrioles | No |  |
| Centriole | helps in cell division and formation of spindle fibres | Cylindrical cellular organelle composed of protein calledtubulin.They are surrounded by a shapless mass of dense materialcalled centromere | No |  |
| Cell extensions | receiving signals from nearby cells for passing information onto other cells | specialized structures of the cell that extend the cellmembrane and project out from the cell surface. eg.axons,flagella,pseudopodia | No |  |
The cell organelles are very minute and has many functions outof which i have discussed only important functions of each.
Hope this was helpful.
thanks……….
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