Mambo Leo Ltd has a cost of eq
- Mambo Leo Ltd has a cost of equity of 10%. Currently thecompany has 250,000 shares which are quoted at the securitiesexchange at $120 per share. The Company’s earnings per share is $10and it intends to maintain a dividend payout ratio of 50% at theend of the current financial year. The expected net income for thecurrent year is $3 million and the available investment proposalsare estimated to cost $ 6 million.
Required
Using the Modigliani and Miller (MM) Model, calculate the valueof the firm if:
- Dividend is paid
- Dividend is not paid
Comment the results above
Answer:
Let us first summarize all the given points for aneasier calculation.
Given:
Current Market Price (P0) = $120
Cost of Equity(Ke) = 10%
Dividend at the end of the year( D1)= Dividend payoutratio * Earnings per share
= 50% * $10 = $5
We will first calculate the Expected price at the end of theyear i.e. P1 for both the cases (Dividend paid and not paid)
1. If Dividend of $5 is paid
Under MM Model,
P0 = 1/ (1+ke) * (D1+ P1)
where,
P0 is the current Price
Ke is the cost of equity
D1 is the Dividend at the end of year
P1 is the price at the end of year
This implies that, P0 (1 + ke) = D1 + P1
P1 = P0 (1+ ke) – D1
= 120( 1.10) – 5
= $127
2. If Dividend of $5 is not paid
P1 = P0 (1 + Ke) – D1
= 120(1.10)
= $132
CALCULATION OFVALUE OF THE FIRM UNDER BOTH THE CASES
1. If Dividend is paid
Given:
Total Earnings(Income) = $3,000,000
Dividends paid (Outstanding shares * Dividend per share), 250,000* 5 = $1,250,000
Retained earnings can be computed as TotalIncome – Dividends paid
= 3,000,000 – 1,250,000
= $1,750,000
Investment cost = $6,000,000
According to the MM model,
If the company has ‘n’ number of shares outstanding, then thevalue of the firm becomes n times the current market price i.e nP0. The nP0 is computed as:
where, Ke is the cost of equity
n is the number of outstanding share
m is the fresh shares issued for the newinvestment opportunity
P1 is the price at the end of year 1
I is the Investment cost
E is the total earnings
The fresh capital that the firm issues is the Total investmentcost less the Retained earnings
Therefore, fresh capital = 6,000,000 – 1,750,000
= 4,250,000
We computed the P1, as $127
Fresh issue number of shares ‘m ‘ = 4250000/127
Therefore, m = 33,464.56
n + m = 2,50,000+ 33,464.56
= 283464.56
nP0 = 1/ (1+ke) * [ (n+m)P1 – I + E]
= 1/ (1.10) * [ (283464.56) *127 – 6,000,000 + 3,000,000]
= 1/ (1.1) * [ 36,000,000 – 6,000,000 + 3,000,000]
= 1/ (1.1) * [33,000,000]
= $30,000,000
2. If Dividend is not paid
Given,
Total Earnings = $3,000,000
If Dividend is not paid, the retention ratio would be 1.
Retained earnings = $3,000,000
Investment cost = $6,000,000
Therefore, fresh capital = 6,000,000-3,000,000
= 3,000,000
we computed P1 as $132 in this case
m = 3,000,000/ 132
= 22727.27
m + n = 250,000 + 22727.27
= 272727.27
Therefore, nP0 = 1/ (1.10) * [ 272727.27(132) – 6000000 +3000000]
= 1/(1.1) * [ 36000000 – 3000000]
= $30,000,000
COMMENTS:It can be seen that the value of thefirm comes out to be the same in both the cases i.e whether MamboLeo Ltd pays the Dividends or it does not pay the dividends. Thisis what the Modigliani and Miller approach shows, that the Dividendpolicy is irrelevant for the valuation ofthe firm.
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