I worked on this my self but I
January 18th, 2023
Iworked on this my self but I am not sure about it and I feel like Iget confuse in explaining some of them, I want to capare andcontrast the different types of membrane transport processes.(including differences and similarities)
simple diffusion
facilitated difusion
osmosis
primaryactive transport
secendary active transport
vesicular transport
The comparison and similarities should be about each of thesetopics.
1.direction of transport
2.energy requirement
3.protein requirement
4.types of protein if applicable
5. example of substances transported
Answer:
| Simple diffusion | Osmosis | Facilitated Diffusion | Primary Active transport | Secondary Active transport | Vesicular transport | |
| Definition | The solute molecules passively diffuseacross the membrane by dissolving in the Phospholipid bilayer. | The water molecules move passively acrossthe semi-permeable membrane. | The passive diffusion of molecules across the membrane viatransport proteins. | The transport of molecules across the membrane is directlycoupled with the energy generating reaction such as ATP hydrolysis,transport of electrons, or absorption of light. | The transport of one molecule in a direction is coupled withthe transport of other molecule in the opposite direction.(Co-transport) | The transport of macromolecules within asmall membrane -bound packet (vesicle). |
| Direction | Down the concentration gradient i.e. fromhigher solute concentration to lower solute concentration. | Down the concentration gradient i.e. fromhigher water concentration to lower water concentration. | Down the concentration gradient i.e. from higher soluteconcentration to lower solute concentration. | Against the concentration gradient i.e. from the lower soluteconcentration to higher solute concentration. | Against the concentration gradient i.e. from the lower soluteconcentration to higher solute concentration. | It moves the cargo within and outside thecells. |
|
Energy requirement |
It does not utilize energy for themovement of molecules. | It does not utilize energy for themovement of molecules. | It does not utilize energy for the movement of molecules. | It is active transport utilizes energy for the transport. Theuphill movement of the molecule is coupled with an energy-releasingreaction (such as ATP hydrolysis, transport of electrons orabsorption of light.) which provides energy for the transport ofthe molecule. | It also utilizes energy for the transport. In this the uphillmovement of molecule is coupled with downhill (energy generating)movement of another molecule in the opposite direction. | It is active transport. It utilizesenergy. |
| Protein Involved | It does not require transportprotein. | It can occur without transport proteinsbut in certain cells, special channel proteins are present for themovement of water. | It utilizes both carrier and channel proteins for the transportof the molecules. | It utilizes carrier proteins (pumps) only. | It utilizes carrier proteins (pumps) only. | It does not utilize carrier or channelproteins. in this the a part of cell membrane extends and engulfthe cargo forming a membrane-bound vesicle which moves the cargo tothe target location. |
| Example | Movement of small organic molecules suchas O2,CO2,NO,and H2O. | Movement of water across cell membrane.Aquaporins are small integral channel protein channel inerythrocytes which allow movement of water molecules. | Movement of organic molecules like glucose.The glucosetransporter(GLUT) is a integral carrier protein. In this,themolecule binds on one side of the transporter protein initiating aconformational change in the protein allowing the solute to passthrough on the other side. | Movement of Na+ and K+ ionsvia Na+/K+-ATPase carrier protein also known as thesodium-potassium pump. In this breakdown of each ATP molecule,pumps 3 Na+ ions outside the cell and 2 K+ ions inside thecell. | Movement of Na+ and glucose via Na+/glucoseCotransporter. It allows the 2 Na+ ions and 1 glucose molecule toenter the cells simultaneously. | Phagocytosis and pinocytosis, |
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